The notched titanium alloys after laser cladding are often accompanied by anisotropic microstructural effects and metastable microstructures, and estimation of its remaining lifespan and fracture behavior becomes challenging. In this study, the effective fracture surface area of laser-cladded notched titanium alloy under different stress ratios is defined as an indicator of proposed dissipative energy

The viscoelastic damage evolution at the microscale particle interfaces of asphalt mortar or mixtures fundamentally determines the material's fatigue crack growth and failure at the macroscale. However, existing microscale damage models are often based on empirical assumptions that depend on interparticle stresses or forces, which are inaccurate or even incorrect for viscoelastic asphalt materials

When the structure deformation is dominated by the low-energy deformation mode, the structure hardens with the increase in the size (number of units) at small sizes. This anomalous behavior will eventually disappear with the decay length of the finite structure converging to a size-independent characteristic quantity, but the specific critical point at which the anomalous behavior disappears still

In recent years, the behavior of dislocations in random solid solutions has received renewed interest, and several models have been discussed where random alloys are treated as effective media containing random distributions of dilatation and compression centers. More generally speaking, the arrangement of defects in metals and alloys is always characterized by statistical disorder, and the same is

Over the past several decades, phase field modeling has been established as a standard simulation technique for mesoscopic science, allowing for seamless boundary tracking of moving interfaces and relatively easy coupling to other physical phenomena. However, despite its widespread success, phase field modeling remains largely driven by phenomenological justifications except in a handful of instances

To clarify the damage evolution of rock-like materials with defects under cyclic loading, gypsum specimens containing prefabricated nonpenetrating crack(s) are employed to undertake a quantitative study of the energy in the failure process of brittle materials under cyclic loading. The results show that under cyclic loading, the laws of energy accumulation, transformation, and release can effectively

A discrete-time conditional Gaussian Koopman network (CGKN) is developed in this work to learn surrogate models that can perform efficient state forecast and data assimilation (DA) for high-dimensional complex dynamical systems, e.g., systems governed by nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Focusing on nonlinear partially observed systems that are common in many engineering and earth science

The latent variable proximal point (LVPP) algorithm is a framework for solving infinite-dimensional variational problems with pointwise inequality constraints. The algorithm is a saddle point reformulation of the Bregman proximal point algorithm. At the continuous level, the two formulations are equivalent, but the saddle point formulation is more amenable to discretization because it introduces a

Understanding diffusion-controlled void growth at the nanoscale under extreme environments (e.g., high temperatures, irradiation) is crucial for predicting failure in metallic materials. We develop a micromechanical model that integrates surface diffusion, bulk diffusion, and heterogeneous stress fields to capture the growth, morphological evolution and coalescence of microvoids. The model is validated

Crystal Plasticity FFT-based simulations, commonly used to predict crystal lattice rotation fields in polycrystalline materials, are computationally intensive. Reducing the input volume resolution can speed up these simulations, but often at the expense of prediction accuracy. To address this issue, we introduce a Multimodal EDSR (MEDSR) architecture, based on Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single

In patient-specific simulation of vascular fluid–structure interaction, the incorporation of key biomechanical factors, such as fiber structures, physiological initial and boundary conditions, is crucial for enhancing the fidelity and reliability of the results. However, incorporating these factors remains challenging due to the lack of effective modeling methods. This study proposes a novel smoothed

This work introduces a novel approach to tackle topology optimization problems where both the external load and stiffness matrix are boundary-dependent. The proposed algorithm is based on the concept of density gradient methods, a class of density-based approaches that do not require additional fields or parametric curves for the boundary recognition, unlike other methods in the literature. The core

The high cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at different maximum cyclic stresses (σmax) were studied, with a particular focus on revealing the micro-plastic deformation behavior and the enhancement mechanisms of HCF life under a relatively high maximum cyclic stress of σmax=600 MPa. The results indicate that as σmax increases, the cyclic

Existing linear fatigue cumulative damage (FCD) models for laminates under variable amplitude cyclic loading (VACL) exhibit poor life prediction accuracy due to neglecting the nonlinear damage-rate evolution and the distinction between stiffness and strength degradation, which impedes the reliability assessment of polymer matrix composite (PMC) laminates. This study proposes a fatigue reliability prediction

Large volume and shape changes may occur in polymer solutions and gels subject to mechanical loads or solvent loss. These deformations can lead to local alterations in composition, affecting or even triggering the phase separation into polymer-rich and solvent-rich phases. Studying microstructure evolution arising under these conditions thus necessitates a large strain formulation of the classical

Sand dunes cover 5% of Earth's land surface, and they abundantly populate river bottoms and seabeds. The subtle dynamical interplay between the granular matter and the overlaying fluid leads to rich phenomenology at different scales, from colliding grains through migrating sand dunes to slowly evolving dune fields. In this review, we survey recent developments in the literature on the dynamics of sand

Engineering structures in long-term service inevitably experience damage across regions due to complex environments, driving the need for online damage identification. Traditional physics-driven methods face efficiency challenges, while data-driven approaches struggle to balance precision and parameterization. Furthermore, conventional neural networks struggle to effectively represent multi-source

Metals, notably in hydrogen storage and transport, are susceptible to premature failure due to hydrogen embrittlement. With ongoing research exploring the use of existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transport, assessing the suitability and safety of these pipeline steels is essential for a successful green hydrogen economy. According to the current hypothesis, hydrogen enters the metal lattice

Structure fatigue crack poses significant challenges to structural integrity across critical engineering domains. Despite widespread implementation, conventional circular crack-stop holes exhibit substantial performance limitations in complex loading scenarios. This study introduces an intelligent fatigue-resistant design framework that synergistically integrates high-throughput finite element method

The updating procedure of an implicit time scheme integrator is based on linear operations of vectors defined at different instants. When the procedure involves rotational coordinates these quantities belong to different tangent spaces to SO(3). This issue makes the process formally not-consistent with the manifold. At the same time, a correct implementation should transport and project incremental

This paper attempts to develop a surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm (SAEA) framework to efficiently solve the 3D functionally graded material (FGM) optimization problems of shells using incremental Kriging models. The framework consists of two phases. In the first phase, the base EA is run normally for a period and training data is collected. Then in the second phase, the collected data is used

The full model parameters estimation of heterogeneous multilayer composites (HMC), involving geometric parameters and static-dynamic viscoelastic properties, has attracted considerable attention for both damage diagnosis and the design of new materials. However, this remains a challenge in current research due to the complexity involved in identifying special layers. To this end, we developed a robust

This article presents the least-squares collocation method (LSCM), which reformulates the conventional boundary value problem (BVP) into a constrained quadratic minimization problem, where the constraints are associated with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The approximation of the solution is performed within a finite-dimensional space using bases formed using various types of functions

In this work, the Surface-Surface (SS) and Surface-Volume (SV) multiscale contact models proposed by Couto Carneiro et al. (2024), derived from the Method of Multiscale Virtual Power, are extended beyond their original mathematical formulation. A finite element-based scheme is developed to enable the contact homogenisation of heterogeneous contact interfaces, leveraging these multiscale contact models

Soft solids with surface energy exhibit complex mechanical behavior, necessitating advanced constitutive models to capture the interplay between bulk and surface mechanics. This interplay has profound implications for material design and emerging technologies. In this work, we set up variational models for bulk-surface elasticity and explore a novel class of surface-polyconvex constitutive models that

A defect-crack interaction informed anisotropic damage modeling framework is proposed to predict the uniaxial compressive strength of heterogeneous brittle materials under high-strain-rate loading (strain rates of 102s−1 – 103s−1). The model is capable of accounting for the effect of interaction stress fields, produced by pre-existing defects, on cracks in a brittle material, allowing for the incorporation

Multiscale structures can be widely observed in nature and exhibit exceptional performance. To design such structures with affordable computational effort, the multiscale concurrent topology optimization (MCTO) paradigm decouples the design process into interconnected macroscopic and microscopic parts through the homogenization method. Within this paradigm, two interpolation methods can be used to

This work aims to study the effect of additive manufacturing under fretting fatigue conditions, an area in which there is still very little information. For this purpose, two test campaigns were carried out on a shaft-hub assembly subjected to bending using two different materials: the AL7075-T651 aluminium alloy and an aluminium alloy specifically designed for additive manufacturing, Scalmalloy®.

In this paper we develop automatic shape differentiation techniques for unfitted discretisations and link these to recent advances in shape calculus for unfitted methods. We extend existing analytic shape calculus results to the case where the domain boundary intersects with the boundary of the background domain. We further show that we can recover these analytic derivatives to machine precision regardless

This paper presents a reaction-diffusion-based level set topology optimisation method to improve the crashworthiness of three-dimensional structures under thermal loading. The objective is to maximise energy absorption under prescribed displacements. A 30 % volume constraint is applied to all designs, with some evaluated at 50 %. Maximum displacement constraints lead to elastoplastic deformation in

To preserve strictly conservative behavior as well as model the variety of dissipative behavior displayed by solid materials, we propose a significant enhancement to the internal state variable-neural ordinary differential equation (ISV-NODE) framework. In this data-driven, physics-constrained modeling framework internal states are inferred rather than prescribed. The ISV-NODE consists of: (a) a stress

Flow–particle interaction is commonly modeled by coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element methods (DEM). However, the two prevalent methods for CFD-DEM coupling – unresolved and semi-resolved schemes – put specific requirements on the ratio of mesh size to particle diameter, hindering their applications to large-scale industrial processes with complex geometries. This paper

This paper presents a spline-based hexahedral mesh generator for tubular geometries commonly encountered in hæmodynamics studies, in particular coronary arteries. We focus on techniques for accurately meshing vessels with stenoses and aneurysms, as well as non-planar bifurcations. Our approach incorporates several innovations, including a spline-based description of the vessel geometry in both the

This work proposes a novel geometrically nonlinear isogeometric solid-beam element, based on a one-dimensional interpolation of the displacement field. More specifically, the latter is approximated by a 12-parameter polynomial expansion in terms of displacement control variables and the cross-section parametric directions up to a bilinear term. To keep a beam-like modeling approach, the displacements

Multi-material laser powder bed fusion (MM-LPBF) offers the possibility of components with material and compositional complexity, as well as the geometric complexity for which additive manufacturing is known. LPBF materials are susceptible to fatigue failures due to stress concentrating roughness and porosity defects. Understanding fatigue failure processes is therefore important to enable adoption

High cycle fatigue behavior of components with notches and cracks, which are common in engineering applications, is significantly influenced by geometrical size effect and complicates accurate fatigue life prediction. Traditional methods for addressing this issue often limited to specific types of components and rely heavily on empirical correlations. To overcome these limitations, an adaptive phase-field

Accurate evaluation of asphalt binder’s fatigue performance is crucial for material selection in asphalt pavements. Current fatigue evaluation methods include the Time Sweep (TS) testing approach, known for its high accuracy but time-consuming, and the Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) testing approach, which is efficient but sometimes yields results that deviate from those of the TS testing approach. To

Welded reinforcements are a widespread solution when increasing the stiffness and load bearing capacity of engineering structures is of primary interest, particularly under in-service cyclic loadings which require a fatigue durability assessment. However, experimental fatigue data available in the literature and the number of classified details reported in Standards and Recommendations are limited

Understanding the fatigue behavior of corroded welded joints is crucial for ensuring the long-term structural integrity of uncoated weathering steel infrastructure in harsh environments. Traditional deterministic fatigue life prediction methods fail to capture the multiple uncertainties of corroded welded joints arising from the stochastic nature of corrosion morphology, including pit characteristics

Multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) have gathered significant attention in the scientific community due to their versatility and design concepts. The Fe30Mn10Co10Cr (at.-%) MPEA system revealed outstanding mechanical properties, owing to the activation of multiple strengthening mechanisms. In this MPEA system, the formation of vanadium carbides was found to be efficient to enhance the strength and

This study investigates the fatigue strength characteristics of AlSi10Mg specimens produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and heat-treated at 200 °C for 2 h. A particular focus of this paper is on evaluating the potential of Laser Shock Peening (LSP) to enhance their fatigue performance. The hourglass specimens were printed in a single batch, resulting in six distinct groups for testing. While

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing enables the production of complex-shaped parts with high mechanical resistance. Such components exhibit a multi-scale microstructure, internal, sub-surface, and surface defects, a rough surface finish and a residual stress gradient in the as-built net-shape condition. All of these factors can alter the fatigue behaviour. This study aims to improve

The Plateau–Rayleigh instability shows that a cylindrical fluid flow can be destabilized by surface tension. Similarly, capillary forces can make an elastic cylinder unstable when the elastocapillary length is comparable to the cylinder’s radius. While existing models predict a single isolated bulge as the result of an instability, experiments reveal a periodic sequence of bulges spaced out by thinned

In computational mechanics, multiple models are often present to describe a physical system. While Bayesian model selection is a helpful tool to compare these models using measurement data, it requires the computationally expensive estimation of a multidimensional integral — known as the marginal likelihood or as the model evidence (i.e., the probability of observing the measured data given the model)

This paper addresses the problem of friction-free contact between two elastic bodies. We develop an augmented Lagrangian method that provides computational convenience by reformulating the contact problem as a nonlinear variational equality. To achieve this, we propose a Nitsche-based method incorporating a hybrid displacement variable defined on an interstitial layer. This approach enables complete

Measurement of the near-threshold fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) vs. stress-intensity factor range (ΔK) relationship in hydrogen gas is essential for maximizing the calculated design fatigue life of high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels. However, such measurements are rarely performed, since the low cyclic loading frequencies applied in standard practice lead to prohibitively protracted test durations

In the defect-based fatigue framework, there are still open questions regarding the role of crack initiation. The fatigue limit of small defects is commonly explained through crack non-propagation, although direct evidence is not always given to support this. In the present study, the defect sensitivity of quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steel was systematically investigated using specimens containing

This paper addresses the classification of constitutive tensors in bi-dimensional micromorphic elasticity, a higher-order continuum theory that extends Cauchy elasticity by introducing an additional degree of freedom in the form of a microdeformation tensor. We systematically investigate the impact of material symmetries on the forms of the constitutive elasticity tensors, reducing the number of independent

A novel Material-Embedding Physics-Augmented Neural Network (ME-PANN) framework is presented for constitutive modeling in isotropic elasticity. A self-supervised trainable embedding vector is introduced to capture material-specific information. The embedding vector is concatenated with the inputs of each fully connected layer, allowing the network to adapt its response based on the material behavior

3D neuron growth and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) deterioration exhibit complex morphological transformations as neurites differentiate into axons and dendrites, forming intricate networks driven by tubulin concentrations and neurotrophin signals. Conventional 2D models fall short of capturing such morphological complexity, prompting the need and development of advanced 3D computational approaches

Topology optimization often faces challenges such as ill-posedness, grayscale, and checkerboard patterns in structural modeling, as well as multimodality and the curse of dimensionality in optimal solution searches. This study proposes a method that simultaneously addresses these challenges to achieve a high-performing optimal configuration without the need for burdensome tasks, such as initial guessing

The Stefan problem describes thermal processes between two material phases undergoing phase transitions. It arises in numerous natural and engineering processes, such as ice melting, welding, and metal additive manufacturing. Simulating the Stefan problem remains challenging. Accurately resolving the material interface evolution and imposing the boundary conditions are troublesome for existing interface-tracking

Laser Shock Peening (LSP) has emerged as an advanced surface treatment technique for improving the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of metallic materials, particularly in 7075 aluminum alloy. This study investigates the effects of LSP on the mechanical behaviors of 7075-T7351 aluminum alloy through microstructural characterization, uniaxial tensile tests, fatigue tests, and Crystal Plasticity