As states have increased prekindergarten (PreK) opportunities over the last two decades, most have chosen to implement a mixed delivery system in which programming is offered in both school districts and in community-based organizations (CBOs). How the provision of PreK programming has varied across the school- and community-based parts of the mixed delivery systems in different locales and over time is not well understood. Nor is it clear how the suppressed capacity for infant and toddler child care, an unintended consequence of PreK in some areas, might relate to equity of access in mixed delivery programming. New York State, a geographically diverse state where school districts are mandated to subcontract with CBOs for at least 10 % of Universal PreK (UPK) delivery, is an ideal setting to further our understanding of these relationships. Using administrative data for 670 NY school districts (excluding NY City) and about 9000 CBO providers, this study uses a series of logistic and negative binomial regression models to examine patterns of mixed delivery UPK over time (2007-2016), as well as how partnering relates to important equity issues in infant and toddler capacity. While the provision of UPK increases over time for all locales, we find a reduction in the levels of partnering for UPK provision in rural locales. Findings also indicate that degree of UPK partnering (none, some, or all) is not predictive of community capacity for infant and toddler care. These results reinforce the need to understand how schools and communities work together to form more effective cross-sector community partnerships and ensure an ECE sector with access for children and families across varied communities.

中文翻译：

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混合交付学前教育系统：不同时间和地点的合作实践以及早期护理和教育能力

随着各州在过去二十年中增加了学前班 （PreK） 的机会，大多数州选择实施混合交付系统，其中学区和社区组织 （CBO） 都提供编程。目前尚不清楚 PreK 课程的提供在不同地区和时间的混合交付系统的学校和社区部分如何变化。目前尚不清楚婴幼儿托儿能力受到抑制（PreK 在某些领域的意外后果）与混合分娩计划中的公平机会有何关系。纽约州是一个地理多元化的州，学区被要求与 CBO 分包至少 10% 的 Universal PreK （UPK） 交付，是进一步了解这些关系的理想场所。使用 670 个纽约学区（不包括纽约市）和大约 9000 个 CBO 提供者的行政数据，本研究使用一系列逻辑和负二项式回归模型来检查混合交付 UPK 随时间变化的模式（2007-2016 年），以及合作如何与婴幼儿能力的重要公平问题相关。虽然随着时间的推移，所有地区的 UPK 供应都会增加，但我们发现农村地区提供 UPK 的合作水平有所降低。研究结果还表明，UPK 合作的程度（无、部分或全部）并不能预测社区婴幼儿护理能力。这些结果加强了了解学校和社区如何合作以形成更有效的跨部门社区伙伴关系并确保 ECE 部门能够为不同社区的儿童和家庭提供服务的必要性。